A Strategic Framework for Sixth-Generation (6G) Network Adoption in Libya: Challenges, Enablers, and Implementation Pathways

This study developed a context-specific strategic framework for the future adoption of sixth-generation (6G) networks in Libya, addressing the limited attention given to how developing and transitional countries can prepare for advanced networks under infrastructure, regulatory, institutional, financial, and human-capacity constraints. An evidence-based analytical approach was applied by synthesizing peer-reviewed 6G research, technology-adoption literature, academic evidence on Libya’s digital-transformation environment, and a structured analysis of national readiness gaps. The analysis indicates that Libya should approach 6G as a gradual national readiness process rather than an immediate deployment objective. Initial priorities include improving existing 4G services, preparing for 5G and 5G-Advanced, expanding fiber and backhaul infrastructure, strengthening spectrum and regulatory governance, developing cybersecurity and digital trust, building cloud-edge and artificial-intelligence capabilities, and advancing specialized human and research capacity. Based on these findings, the study proposes a strategic framework comprising seven interrelated readiness dimensions and a three-stage implementation pathway progressing from foundation building to 5G and 5G-Advanced transition and, subsequently, selective 6G readiness. The framework contributes to the literature by translating global 6G developments into coordinated and practical priorities suited to Libya’s national conditions. It also provides policymakers, regulators, telecommunications operators, and academic institutions with a structured basis for guiding long-term network modernization and future sector-based experimentation. Keywords: 6G, Libya, digital transformation, strategic framework, national readiness, 5G-Advanced, phased adoption.