This study provides a comprehensive analysis of Nigeria's progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3), focusing on the country's Primary Health Care (PHC) system. It highlights the dual burden of diseases and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, identifying systemic weaknesses in the healthcare system. The study proposes innovative, context-specific strategies for improvement, including leveraging technology, implementing community-driven approaches, and learning from international best practices. The ultimate goal is to provide policymakers with actionable insights to strengthen primary healthcare, leverage digital health solutions, and address social determinants of health, accelerating Nigeria's progress towards SDG 3. The study concludes that Nigeria stands at a critical juncture in its pursuit of SDG 3, with the potential to improve health outcomes through targeted, innovative interventions dramatically.