AMS Dates and the Chronology of Great Zimbabwe

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ThoSte

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Wal

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Abstract Salvage excavations in the 1970s uncovered a sizeable commoner occupation at Great Zimbabwe, as well as evidence for the early construction of an elite stonewalled enclosure. As a result of these excavations, we can revise somewhat the chronology of Great Zimbabwe. The most important changes are the extension of Period IV a, lasting from AD 1285±10 to 1395±10, and the appearance of P, P/Q and Q-coursed walling in Period IV a. The small Nemanwa palace was built in P/Q and first dates to Period IV a, as does the Outer Perimeter Wall, and both were linked to the growth of the Zimbabwe state. Period IV b represents the floruit of Great Zimbabwe, while Period IV c encompasses the occupation after the political elite moved north to become the well-known Mutapa dynasty. After the move north, the Mutapa established a masungiro ritual centre at Great Zimbabwe, perhaps to maintain territorial rights in the face of Torwa expansion.

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