An Analysis of Biomass Energy Consumption as an Alternative Energy Source in Jos

Abstract The need for cleaner, more sustainable energy systems has become a major priority in the twenty-first century. This is driven by growing concerns about energy insecurity, environmental degradation, and climate change linked to fossil fuel exploration and consumption, as well as the economic risks of overreliance on fossil fuels for energy. This prompted this study to carry out an analysis of biomass energy consumption as an alternative energy source in Jos. The objectives of this investigation are to examine the types of biomass resources available in Jos, consumption patterns, available technologies for converting waste to energy, the potential of biomass energy to replace fossil fuel energy sources, and the socio-economic and environmental implications for the people. Integrated primary data obtained through structured questionnaires and field measurements, along with secondary data from relevant literature, were used. A total of 374 valid responses were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics to evaluate relationships among biomass availability, accessibility, and utilization. The study identified major categories of biomass resources used, including agricultural residues, animal dung and poultry waste, wood residues and sawdust, and market and household organic waste. The results showed that biomass energy consumption is predominantly moderate (41.7%), followed by low (34.5%) and high (23.8%), with primary uses in cooking, heating, and small-scale commercial activities. Traditional biomass combustion remains the dominant conversion technology due to its affordability and accessibility, while adoption of improved technologies such as briquettes, biogas, and gasification remains limited. The study further reveals that biomass energy contributes to improved household energy affordability, waste reduction, employment generation, and enhanced sanitation. It recommends promoting improved biomass technologies, strengthening policy interventions, and increasing public awareness to enhance efficiency and reduce environmental and health impacts. Keywords: Biomass energy, Alternative energy, Energy consumption, Biomass utilization, Sustainable energy, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.