This dataset comprises georeferenced occurrence records of Anopheles mosquito larvae collected during standardized larval surveys conducted across Ghana between 2022 and 2026. Surveys were undertaken in diverse ecological settings to document the distribution, species composition, and breeding habitats of malaria vectors. Larvae and pupae were collected from aquatic habitats, reared to adults, and identified using morphological and molecular techniques where appropriate. The dataset includes occurrence records for members of the Anopheles gambiae complex and other Anopheles species, together with associated spatial, temporal, and habitat information. These records provide an important baseline resource for malaria vector surveillance, ecological studies, biodiversity research, and evidence-based vector control planning in Ghana.