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Appendices to: On Greenberg’s Classification of African Languages

Domain:

natural language processing

Record type:

paper
Creator:
Hammarström, Harald
Editor:
HumHum
Publisher:
Hum
Host:avatar
Die Klassifikation der Sprachen Afrikas durch Greenberg – typischerweise verstanden als seine Einteilung von 1963 in vier Familien – war enorm einflussreich. Obwohl frühere Arbeiten bereits auf verschiedene Mängel hingewiesen haben, untersuchen wir in diesem Papier systematisch die Vollständigkeit, Genauigkeit (im Vergleich zum aktuellen Wissensstand) und die Beweisgrundlage der Greenbergschen Klassifikation von 1963. Dieser Vergleich zeigt, dass die Qualität dieser Klassifikation viel mit den allgemein abgelehnten Klassifikationen von Greenberg für Sprachen in anderen Teilen der Welt gemeinsam hat. Darüber hinaus konnte sie nicht durch eine strikte Anwendung der angeblichen Methode des „Massensvergleichs“ entstanden sein. Eine bessere Erklärung für das Ergebnis der Klassifikation ist vielmehr ein Verfahren, bei dem ein Forscher dazu verleitet wird, zufällige Ähnlichkeiten als Beweis für genealogische Beziehungen zu interpretieren. Es ist schwierig zu bestimmen, warum Greenbergs Klassifikation der afrikanischen Sprachen so einflussreich wurde, aber wir geben dennoch einige wichtige Hinweise. Greenberg's classification of the languages of Africa --- typically understood as his 1963 division into 4 families --- has been enormously influential. Although earlier work has pointed out various shortcomings, in the present paper we systematically examine the completeness, accuracy (against the current state-of-the-art) and evidential basis of the Greenberg 1963 classification. This comparison shows that the quality of this classification has much in common with the commonly rejected classifications by Greenberg of languages in the rest of the world. Moreover, it could not possibly have been produced by a strict application of the alleged method of 'mass comparison'. A better explanation for the classification outcome is rather a procedure wherein a researcher is lead to interpret chance resemblances as evidence of genealogical relationship. It is difficult to pinpoint why Greenberg's classification of African languages became so influential, but we nevertheless provide a few key pointers.

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doi.orgedoc.hu-berlin.de

Tags

SprachklassifizierungAfrikanische SprachenLanguage ClassificationAfrican Languages417 Dialektologie und historische Linguistik

Licenses

(CC BY 4.0) Attribution 4.0 InternationalCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode

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