ARCHITECTURE OF ARCHIVAL SURVIVAL: EVALUATING CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS AND PRESERVATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN CAMEROON

Abstract This study investigates how the classification or archival records influence the preservation of cultural heritage in the National Archives in Cameroon. Although classification is globally recognized as the foundation of archival function, its specific contribution to preservation outcomes in Cameroon remains underexplored. remains under-theorized. Archives Using a qualitative case study design, the study engaged five purposively selected senior archival personnel through semi-structured interviews. The sample size was justified by the specialized expertise required, and the study focuses on depth of insight rather than statistical generalization, consistent with a qualitative case study. Data were analysed thematically with a code check to enhance rigor. Findings reveal that the National Archives employs a combination of alphanumeric, subject-based, and thematic classification systems, which collectively enhance intellectual control, retrieval efficiency, and the physical safeguarding of cultural heritage materials. However, the effectiveness of these systems is significantly constrained by inadequate infrastructure, limited storage space, insufficient equipment, the absence of ICT-supported classification tools, and chronic underfunding. The study demonstrates that the classification contributes to preservation primarily by reducing handling, improving traceability, and supporting systematic arrangement, but its potential remains underutilized due to structural and technological limitations. The article argues that strengthening classification practices requires a coordinated investment in modern ICTs, standardized archival infrastructure, professional training, and sustainable funding. The study contributes empirical evidence to African archival scholarship by clarifying the direct link between classification practices and preservation outcomes in a resource-constrained national archival system. Keywords Archival classification, preservation, cultural heritage, National Archives of Cameroon, records management, intellectual control