Artificial Intelligence and Human Resource Management in the South African Public Sector: Opportunities, Risks, and Institutional Readiness

Artificial Intelligence is increasingly shaping public sector management across the world, including the management of human resources. Governments are exploring automated systems to improve recruitment, workforce analytics, performance monitoring, and service delivery efficiency. Despite growing global interest, the adoption of Artificial Intelligence within human resource management in the South African public sector remains uneven and underexamined in academic literature. This article investigates how Artificial Intelligence technologies are influencing human resource management practices within public institutions and evaluates the institutional readiness for broader adoption. The study uses a systematic literature review of recent peer reviewed publications, policy documents, and international governance reports published between 2020 and 2026. Findings indicate that Artificial Intelligence offers significant potential to enhance administrative efficiency, workforce planning, and evidence-based decision making. However, adoption is constrained by governance concerns, digital skills gaps, ethical risks, and limited technological infrastructure in many government departments. The study also identifies emerging opportunities for predictive workforce analytics, automated recruitment screening, and digital performance management systems. The article concludes that while Artificial Intelligence can strengthen human resource management within the public sector, successful implementation requires institutional reforms, investment in digital competencies, and clear governance frameworks. These findings contribute to the growing discourse on digital transformation in public administration and highlight strategic priorities for the modernisation of human resource management in South Africa.