Assessment of infection prevention and control practices among students in Kenya Medical Training College

Background: Infection prevention and control (IPC) is a critical component of healthcare systems aimed at reducing the transmission of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Despite advances in medical practice, HAIs remain a significant global health challenge, particularly in resource-limited settings such as Kenya. Health professional students are at a heightened risk of exposure during clinical rotations. Methods: A cross-sectional mixed-methods study design was employed across selected Kenya Medical Training College (KMTC) campuses, targeting second- and third-year students. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 420 participants. Data were collected using structured online questionnaires, observational checklists, and focus group discussion guides. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically using NVivo. Results: The study included 406 respondents. The majority demonstrated adequate theoretical knowledge of IPC principles, including understanding of HAIs and preventive measures such as hand hygiene (88%) and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) (77%). Students exhibited generally positive attitudes, though 43% perceived PPE as uncomfortable. However, inconsistencies between knowledge and actual practice were observed, notably in consistent PPE use, sharps handling, and waste management. Key barriers included inadequate PPE supply, high workloads, and time constraints. Conclusions: Although KMTC students possessed satisfactory knowledge and positive attitudes toward IPC, significant gaps existed in translating this knowledge into consistent practice. Addressing these gaps requires strengthening practical, experiential training and improving resource availability in clinical placement sites.