Assessment of Spatial Planning and Integration in Selected Bus Rapid Transit Terminals in Lagos State

Efficient spatial planning and integration are essential to the functionality of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) terminals and the commuter experience in rapidly urbanising cities. However, limited empirical attention has been given to the spatial and architectural performance of BRT terminals in Lagos State. This study assessed the spatial planning and integration of selected BRT terminals in Lagos State, focusing on Ikeja Bus Terminal, Oshodi Transport Interchange, and Yaba Bus Terminal. A quantitative case study design was adopted, combining field observation with a structured questionnaire administered to commuters. A total of 384 valid responses were analysed using descriptive statistics, multiple regression analysis, and Linear Discriminant Analysis. The findings showed that pedestrian circulation (Mean = 3.23), accessibility (Mean = 3.17), and wayfinding (Mean = 3.13) were among the highest-rated spatial attributes, while waiting area comfort (Mean = 2.88) recorded comparatively lower performance. Regression analysis indicated that pedestrian circulation (β = 0.120, p = .022) and signage/wayfinding (β = 0.188, p = .001) significantly predicted perceived transport connectivity. Comparative assessment identified Oshodi Transport Interchange as demonstrating relatively stronger spatial integration, while Yaba recorded comparatively weaker spatial performance. The study concludes that spatial organisation, movement efficiency, accessibility, and wayfinding are important considerations in improving BRT terminal performance. It recommends user-centred spatial planning, improved pedestrian circulation, accessible facilities, better waiting environments, and stronger multimodal integration for future transport terminal development in Lagos State.