This dataset contains anonymized survey responses collected from postgraduate students at Kabale University, Uganda, to evaluate the early implementation and perceived effectiveness of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) Governance Framework. The study employed a cross-sectional survey design and was conducted during the pilot implementation of the framework.The dataset includes responses from 38 postgraduate students enrolled in postgraduate diploma, master's, and doctoral programmes. Data were collected using a structured online questionnaire administered through Google Forms. The questionnaire assessed four key domains: (i) awareness of the AI governance framework, (ii) perceptions of ethical AI governance, (iii) perceived impact of AI tools on academic work, and (iv) trust, risk, and institutional oversight of AI technologies. Most questionnaire items were measured using a five-point Likert scale, with additional demographic variables and open-ended responses included.The dataset was developed to support research on AI governance in higher education and can be used for descriptive, inferential, and psychometric analyses, including reliability testing, correlation analysis, chi-square tests, and exploratory studies of responsible AI adoption in academic environments. All responses have been anonymized to protect participant confidentiality, and no personally identifiable information is included.This dataset accompanies the study entitled "An Artificial Intelligence Governance Framework for Higher Education Institutions in Uganda" and is intended to promote transparency, reproducibility, and secondary analysis by researchers, policymakers, and higher education institutions interested in AI governance, ethical AI adoption, and digital transformation in higher education.