Barriers to Condom Use Among Heterosexuals in Africa; the Niger Delta Case Study

Abstract Introduction The search for an effective response and solution to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) scourge continues to be of critical importance since the discovery of the first case in the United States in 1981. To date, in the absence of a known cure or vaccine, preventive and promotional measures remain a strategic measure to combating the menace. Objectives To identity barriers to condom use amongst heterosexuals in Africa, using the Niger Delta as a case study. Methodology This qualitative study was carried out using an online social media interactive medium. Ten experienced medical doctors from the Niger Delta subregion, recruited through a convenient snowballing technique, participated in the focus group discussion. Results Twelve elements were identified as barriers to condom use. They include poverty (worsened by environmental oil pollution), low and uneven distribution of knowledge and awareness, negative perception of condoms, impaired motivation, partner-related factors, lack of availability or access to a condom, religious factors, young age at first sexual debut affecting cognition to negotiate condom use, alcohol and substance use, intimate partner violence arising from gender inequality, cultural beliefs, social stigma, and accidental casual sex. Conclusion The findings of this study demonstrated the salient need for implementing a tailored health intervention program alongside the provision of public health measures. Awareness alone is not enough unless it translates into a behavioral change and control.