Biochemical impact of occupational cement dust exposure on block industry workers in Rivers State, Nigeria

Introduction: Occupational exposure to cement dust is a recognized health hazard linked to systemic complications. This study evaluated the impact of chronic cement dust exposure on the biochemical parameters of cement block moulders in Khana Local Government Area (LGA), Rivers State, Nigeria, to assess potential renal and electrolytic alterations. Materials and Methods: cross-sectional study was conducted involving 70 male participants, categorized into cement block moulders (subjects, n=35) and non-exposed individuals (controls, n=35). Five millilitres (5ml) of venous blood were collected from each participant into heparinized bottles. Samples were analyzed for urea, creatinine, sodium, and potassium using standard spectrophotometric methods. Statistical analysis was performed using Mean and Standard Deviation, with significance set at P < 0.05. Results: The study revealed a statistically significant increase (P < 0.05) in serum creatinine and potassium levels among the cement block moulders compared to the control group. Conversely, no significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in serum sodium and urea levels between the two groups. Conclusion: Chronic exposure to cement dust is associated with significant elevations in serum creatinine and potassium, indicating early signs of altered renal filtration and electrolyte imbalance. While urea and sodium levels remained stable, the elevation in specific markers suggests that block moulders are at an increased risk of developing renal impairment. Regular health screenings and the consistent use of personal protective equipment (PPE) are recommended to mitigate these occupational risks