This project presents a systematic literature review of basin, watershed, and catchment-scale water monitoring across Africa, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. It synthesizes research published between 1990 and 2024 to identify human activity pressures, environmental stressors, technological solutions, and governance opportunities affecting basin-level water monitoring. The review focuses on challenges and opportunities for sustainable water management in developing countries, with thematic analysis structured around human pressures, environmental variability, monitoring implementation, and lessons for improvement. Supplementary materials include search strings, screening criteria, and a PRISMA flow diagram.