Climate change impact on endemic species in central Morocco

Current research focuses on understanding the impact of climate change on key climatic parameters, particularly temperature, precipitation, and wind. These factors directly affect vegetation, agriculture, and people's livelihoods, highlighting the crucial importance of this research. The study uses modern pollen analysis as an environmental indicator to understand the intricate relationships between pollen distribution, current vegetation and climatic parameters in the Tensift, Souss-Massa, and Drâa Basins in central Morocco. The case study aims to provide valuable insight into the profound impact of climate change on endemic species, with a specific focus on the Argan tree (Argania spinosa). The analysis reveals a complex interplay of climatic parameters influencing surface pollen distribution. Severe drought, desertification, and soil degradation have altered vegetation composition across the investigated area, identifying a shift towards steppe vegetation dominated by Cichoroideae, Poaceae, and Cyperaceae. Clusters based on pollen assemblages reflect diverse plant communities influenced by semi-arid, arid and desertic conditions. Furthermore, it shows a remarkable Argan tree, a key endemic species in the region, caused by climate change and human activities (e.g., overgrazing and deforestation). The Argan tree, with ecological, botanical, economic, and social importance, faces challenges from prolonged drought, rising population pressure and expansion of pastoral activities.