Climate Variability and GDP Structural Risk in Rainfed Agriculture and Livestock System: Evidence from Sudan

This study investigates how climate variability shapes GDP structural risk in Sudan's agricultural systems, with a particular focus on rainfed agriculture and livestock-based production systems. Unlike irrigated agriculture, both systems operate under climate-dependent conditions, making them highly sensitive to rainfall variability, temperature extremes, and seasonal uncertainty. The analysis integrates agro-climatic conditions, probability distribution functions, and spatial econometric techniques to examine how environmental variability translates into sectoral economic outcomes.