Comparative Analysis of Biomass Production, Carbon Sequestration, and Livelihood Implications in Rubber and Eucalyptus Plantations in South West Region, Cameroon

Plantation forestry in South West Cameroon offers both climate mitigation potential and livelihood challenges. This study comparatively assessed biomass production, carbon sequestration, and livelihood implications in a rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantation in Tiko and a Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) plantation in the Buea Fuelwood Reserve. Field inventory data were collected from 102 rubber trees in a 0.25 ha plot and 15 Eucalyptus trees across 0.5 ha. Aboveground and belowground biomass were estimated using allometric equations and a root-to-shoot ratio, with carbon stock and CO₂ equivalent calculated using standard conversion factors. Livelihood implications were derived from field observations and literature review. Results showed rubber had higher biomass density (141.81 t ha⁻¹) than Eucalyptus (21.56 t ha⁻¹), though Eucalyptus stored more total landscape-level carbon (5,934.05 vs. 1,301.11 t CO₂e) due to its larger area (150 ha vs. 5 ha). Livelihood implications included employment and income generation, but also land-use conflicts, reduced access to traditional resources, and food security concerns. Silvicultural practices significantly influenced biomass accumulation and wood quality. The study concludes that while both plantation systems are valuable carbon sinks, their long-term sustainability requires integrated silvicultural management, regular monitoring, equitable benefit-sharing, and socially inclusive land-use planning.