The panel covers observations for African countries, China, and Canada over the period
2000–2025. It includes country identifiers, year, regional grouping variables, and
economic, financial, institutional, environmental, and technological indicators.
The main variables include climate-related finance flows, digital adoption, AI readiness,
green bond issuance, institutional quality, financial depth, GDP per capita, population,
trade openness, and CO2 emissions. Log-transformed variables are also included for
econometric analysis.