Dataset for: Object Height Extraction from UAV Imagery Using Total Station Ground Control

Title: Dataset for Object Height Extraction from UAV Imagery Using Total Station Ground Control
Author: Nsikan Eno Uso-essien
Institution: Department of Geoinformatics and Surveying, University of Uyo, Nigeria
Location: University of Uyo, Annex Campus, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Total Area: 29.86 Hectares
Coordinate Reference System (CRS): WGS 84 / UTM Zone 32N (EPSG:32632)
Vertical Datum: EGM 96 Geoid

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1. PROJECT OVERVIEW
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This repository contains the raw spatial data, validation datasets, and high-resolution raster models generated during the study "Object Height Extraction from UAV Imagery Using Total Station as the Ground-Based Measurement Tool." The project validates the accuracy of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry for sub-meter urban topographic mapping and 3D building reconstruction against traditional trigonometric ground surveying.

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2. METHODOLOGY & EQUIPMENT
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* UAV Platform: DJI Phantom 4 Pro (Flight altitude: 70m, 75% forward overlap, 60% side overlap)
* Ground Truth Equipment: Kolida KTS-462R10LC Total Station (operating in Remote Elevation Measurement mode)
* Geodetic Control: RTK GNSS Receiver (8 3D Ground Control Points)
* Processing Software: DroneDeploy (Flight Planning), Pix4Dmapper (Photogrammetry), ArcMap (Spatial Analysis)
* Resolution/Accuracy: The resulting photogrammetric block achieved a Ground Sampling Distance (GSD) of 2.94 cm/pixel and an overall Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.665 m compared to ground-truth data.

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3. FILE INVENTORY
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This repository includes the following files:

1. bsc_project_Height_Difference_data-new.csv
   Description: The 51-point validation dataset comparing UAV-extracted heights to Total Station measurements.
   
2. Bsc Project_transparent_mosaic_group1.tif
   Description: High-resolution (2.94 cm/pixel) orthorectified aerial image map of the campus.

3. My Bsc project_dtm.tif
   Description: Digital Terrain Model representing bare-earth elevation (ranging from 83.13m to 93.07m).

4. My Bsc project_dsm.tif
   Description: Digital Surface Model capturing the terrain canopy and man-made structures.

*Note on Reproducibility: The Normalized Digital Surface Model (nDSM) utilized for absolute height extraction in the accompanying study can be independently reproduced by end-users by applying standard raster calculus (DSM - DTM) to the provided terrain and surface models.

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4. DATA DICTIONARY (bsc_project_Height_Difference_data-new.csv)
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* sn: Unique serial number identifier for the data point.
* Easting: X-coordinate of the structure in WGS 84 / UTM Zone 32N.
* Northing: Y-coordinate of the structure in WGS 84 / UTM Zone 32N.
* Name: Text description of the specific campus building or structure.
* Extracted Heights (m): Absolute building height calculated from the UAV-derived nDSM.
* Measured Heights (m): Ground-truth absolute building height recorded by the Kolida Total Station.
* Difference (m): Discrepancy between the two methods, calculated as [Extracted Heights - Measured Heights].

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5. USAGE & LICENSE
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This dataset is provided as Open Access to facilitate reproducible research in spatial sciences, remote sensing, and civil engineering. When utilizing this dataset for secondary analysis, please cite the original author and the Zenodo DOI linked to this repository.