
Joseph Malisaba conceptualized the study, developed the system design, performed the modelling and data analysis, and prepared the original manuscript draft. Obinna Onyebuchi Barah contributed to the system design, validation of engineering models, and critical revision of the manuscript. Onep Samuel George supported data interpretation, experimental procedures, and technical review of the work. Emmanuel Ninsiima contributed to the hydraulic design framework, analysis of water treatment processes, and manuscript editing.
All authors reviewed, approved, and agreed to the final version of the manuscript and are accountable for the accuracy and integrity of the work.