Development and Validation of the Arabic Hope Scale in the Algerian Context

This project aims to develop and validate an Arabic Hope Scale by establishing its psychometric properties in terms of validity and reliability, grounded in the cultural and social particularities of the Arab world, with Algeria as the primary context. It combines traditional psychometric methods (exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, construct validity, internal consistency, reliability) with meta-heuristic optimization techniques such as genetic algorithms and particle swarm optimization to refine model structure, optimize item selection, and ensure measurement invariance across cultural contexts. The study seeks to provide a scientifically robust, valid, and reliable tool capturing both individual and collective dimensions of hope in Arab societies.