Do Deviations From Historical Precipitation Trends Influence Child Nutrition? An Analysis From Uganda

Abstract Changes in precipitation patterns might have deleterious effects on population health. We used data from the Uganda National Panel Survey from 2009 to 2012 (n = 3,223 children contributing 5,013 assessments) to evaluate the link between rainfall and undernutrition in children under age 5 years. We considered 3 outcomes (underweight, wasting, and stunting) and measured precipitation using household-reported drought and deviations from long-term precipitation trends measured by satellite. We specified multilevel logistic regression models with random effects for the community, village, and individual. Underweight (13%), wasting (4%), and stunting (33%) were common. Reported drought was associated with underweight (marginal risk ratio (RR) = 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 1.35) in adjusted analyses. Positive annual deviations (greater rainfall) from long-term precipitation trends were protective against underweight (marginal RR per 50-mm increase = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.92, 0.97) and wasting (marginal RR per 50-mm increase = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87, 0.98) but not stunting (marginal RR per 50-mm increase = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.98, 1.01). Precipitation was associated with measures of acute but not chronic malnutrition using both objective and subjective measures of exposure. Sudden reductions in rainfall are likely to have acute adverse effects on child nutritional status.