Durability of PBO nets (Olyset Plus ® ), 12 months after their distribution in Bertoua, Cameroon

Abstract Background The rapid spread of pyrethroid resistance has led to a change in strategy, going from pyrethroid-based nets to PBO + pyrethroid-treated nets. Although these new nets may significantly improve the control of pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes, their durability in the field remain not yet well documented. This study investigates the durability and washing resistance of Olyset-Plus nets in the city centre and rural areas of Bertoua, Cameroon. In each site, a semi-structured questionnaire was administered to at least 190 households with an Olyset-Plus net. Factors such as net use, physical integrity and bioefficacy were recorded. Bioassays were conducted on the collected nets to assess their bioefficacy and resistance to washing. They were tested against wild Anopheles gambiae sensus lato (s.l.). Unused nets and the Kisumu strain were used as controls. Washing and cone testing of the nets was carried out according to standard WHO protocols. Results A high rate of net use by children was recorded in the urban area (89.08% (106/119) compared to the rural area (39.73% (118/297). The majority of Olyset-Plus nets inspected 82.23% (162/197) in the rural area and 88.03% (206/234) in the urban centre were in good condition (Hole Index < 64). Only 5.58% and 6.84% of nets were badly torn in rural and urban sites respectively. Nets were washed more regularly in the urban centre. 88.10% of urban dwellers reported having washed their nets at least once compared to only 61.98% of rural dwellers. Bioefficacy tests with nets indicated a mortality rate ranging from 65.89% for unwashed nets to 86.66% for nets washed at least once. Bioefficacy varied significantly in the city of Bertoua according to net washing frequency, soaking time, soap type and drying location, whereas in the rural village, only washing and soaking status (washed or unwashed, soaked or unsoaked) significantly influenced the bioefficacy of Olyset-Plus nets. Conclusions This study revealed different handling practices of bed nets in rural and urban settings which could significantly affect Olyset-Plus nets bio-efficacy and durability. Routine monitoring and sensitization of communities on best practices concerning bed nets usage and handling during mass distribution might enhance the net durability in the field.