Dynamics of Catholic Vocational Training Centers in the Bamenda Ecclesiastical Province, Cameroon: A Historical Analysis, 1970-2023

This study examines the long-term transformation of Catholic vocational Training centres (CVTCs) in the Bamenda Ecclesiastical Province (BEP), Cameroon, between 1970 and 2023. It investigates changes in institutional objectives, curriculum structures, teaching practices and infrastructural development within an evolving socio-economic and educational landscape. Guided by an integrated framework combining human capital theory, competency-based vocational education and Catholic holistic formation, the study adopts a qualitative historical research design. Data were drawn from archival records, institutional documents, secondary literature and semi structured interviews with key stakeholders across selected institutions. Findings reveal that CVTCs have undergone a significant but uneven transformation from mission oriented institutions focused on moral formation and basic technical skills to hybrid systems integrating employability, entrepreneurship, ICT competencies and holistic human development. Curriculum reforms and pedagogical innovations have improved alignment with labour market demands; however, persistent deficits in infrastructure, instructional resources and implementation capacity continue to constrain effectiveness. Teaching methods have also shifted from traditional apprenticeship models to competency-based and ICT-supported approaches although practical skill acquisition remains central and irreplaceable. The study concludes that CVTCs in BEP function as adaptive systems negotiating between global TVET imperatives and Catholic educational values. This dual orientation produces a distinct model of vocational education that integrates technical competence with moral and spiritual formation.