This dataset contains cleaned firm-level information on household-based agri-food processing enterprises in Malawi. It includes data on enterprise characteristics, business activities, production, revenues, operating costs, profitability, access to finance and other resources, infrastructure, market conditions, and selected owner and household characteristics. The dataset was prepared from the data used in the study on heterogeneous drivers of profitability among household-based agri-food processing enterprises in Malawi and has undergone data cleaning and preparation for empirical analysis. It is intended to support research on enterprise profitability, business performance, agricultural processing, entrepreneurship, and private-sector development in Malawi.