Environmental Impacts of the 2021 Rainstorm in Oforola Ancient Kingdom, Imo State, Nigeria: A Qualitative Study

Background: Climate change has increased the occurrence of extreme weather events, including severe rainstorms that cause environmental damage and socioeconomic disruption, especially in vulnerable rural communities. This study explored the environmental impacts of the April 2021 rainstorm in Oforola Ancient Kingdom, Imo State, Nigeria.  Methods: A qualitative descriptive design was used. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 68 affected residents, field observations of 34 households, and review of four documentary sources. Participants were purposively selected, and data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis approach guided by the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction.  Results: The rainstorm caused extensive environmental and infrastructural damage. Two major themes emerged: environmental destruction and household resource losses; and infrastructure damage, displacement, and livelihood disruption. Participants reported flooding, environmental contamination concerns, destruction of vegetation and economic trees, loss of household resources, damaged residential buildings, electricity disruption, and livelihood challenges. Field observations confirmed substantial damage to homes, roads, electricity infrastructure, and vegetation, with approximately 50 residential buildings partially or completely affected.  Conclusion: The April 2021 rainstorm significantly affected the environment, infrastructure, and livelihoods of residents in Oforola Ancient Kingdom. The findings highlight the vulnerability of rural communities to climate-related hazards and emphasize the need for climate-resilient infrastructure, improved disaster preparedness, environmental health surveillance, and community-based adaptation strategies.