Environmental Scarcity and the Economic Consequences of Farmer–Herder Conflicts in Northern Taraba State, Nigeria

This study examines the influence of environmental scarcity on the economic fallout of farmer herder conflicts in Northern Taraba State, Nigeria. Grounded in the Environmental Scarcity Theory, it investigates how dwindling natural resources—such as land, water, and grazing pastures—precipitate conflicts between farmers and pastoralists, disrupting economic activities and livelihood sustainability. Employing a descriptive survey methodology, data were collected from 390 respondents across key local government areas and analyzed using correlation and regression techniques. Findings indicate that environmental scarcity significantly heightens resource competition, which directly correlates with increased conflict incidence. The economic consequences are profound, encompassing reduced agricultural productivity, loss of income, destruction of infrastructure, and displacement of residents. The study highlights the critical need for integrated resource management, policy reforms, and community engagement to mitigate environmental stressors and their economic impacts. Implementing sustainable land-use practices and fostering effective conflict resolution mechanisms are essential for promoting socio-economic stability and peace in the region. The insights provided contribute to a better understanding of the linkages between environmental degradation and economic development, offering practical recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders committed to sustainable development and conflict prevention in Nigeria.