Epidemiological and Molecular Identification of Trichophyton Species Associated With Dermatophytoses in Northeast Nigeria

Abstract Background Dermatophytoses are superficial fungal infections that affect skin, hair, and nails. Trichophyton species are the primary causative agents of these infections. Despite their burden, diagnosis in many settings remains limited to conventional methods, often leading to misidentification and inadequate treatment. This study investigated the prevalence, and risk factors associated with Trichophyton-related dermatophytosis among patients in the selected health facility in Bauchi State Northeastern Nigeria. Methods This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted between May 2024 and November 2025. It involved 385 patients with clinical signs of dermatophytoses at the Infectious Disease Hospital, Bayara Bauchi State Nigeria. Samples were analyzed using conventional microscopy and culture. Molecular identification was performed via PCR amplification of the 18S rRNA gene using ITS primers. Epidemiological data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed statistically using SPSS version 23.0. Results The overall prevalence of Trichophyton-related infections was 24.94%, with T. rubrum (21.82%) more common than T. soudanense (3.12%). Molecular analysis confirmed two strains of T. rubrum and one strain of T. soudanense . Significant risk factors included regular contact with animals, low socioeconomic status, irregular bathing, communal living, and outdoor labor. (p < 0.05). Conclusion This hospital-based study underscored the public health importance of Trichophyton infections in Northeastern Nigeria, with T. rubrum being the predominant species. Effective control measures should focus on hygiene education, environmental sanitation, and targeted public health interventions in high-risk populations. Clinical trial number: Not applicable.