Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of a Shear Thickening Fluid-Based Shock-Absorbing Knee Guard

Falls are a leading cause of injury, disability, and mortality among elderly individuals and patients undergoing rehabilitation. In low-resource settings such as Nigeria, the risk is heightened due to poor access to fall-protection technologies. While walking aids such as canes and crutches provide mobility support, they do not protect the body from injury during a fall. This research focuses on the fabrication of shock-absorbing knee guards and hip protectors using a shear thickening fluid (STF) composed of polyethene glycol (PEG) and silica powder. The STF has the unique ability to behave as a liquid under normal conditions but instantly stiffens when subjected to sudden force, making it an excellent candidate for protective clothing. The work involved preparing STF, impregnating cotton fabrics, encapsulating them in waterproof sheets, and combining them with foam and polyester materials to create wearable prototypes. The impact resistance of these prototypes was tested through simple drop-weight experiments, demonstrating their potential to prevent injuries during falls. The results support the application of these protective wearable in rehabilitation centers, eldercare homes, and home-based care environments. The project demonstrates the feasibility of developing affordable, practical, and protective wearable that improve the quality of life and safety of at-risk populations.