Factors Affecting Childhood Immunization Programmes in Jada Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria

Childhood immunization is a vital public health strategy for reducing morbidity and mortality associated with vaccine-preventable diseases. However, despite ongoing efforts by government and health agencies in Nigeria, immunization coverage remains suboptimal in many rural communities, including Jada Local Government Area of Adamawa State. This study examines the factors affecting the utilization of childhood immunization programmes in the area. The study adopts a descriptive research design, focusing on mothers and caregivers of children within the immunization age group. Data are collected using structured questionnaires, interview and analyzed to identify key determinants influencing immunization uptake. Findings reveal that limited knowledge and awareness of immunization benefits, misconceptions about vaccine safety, and negative cultural or religious beliefs significantly affect participation in immunization programmes. Additionally, socioeconomic factors such as low income, illiteracy, and competing domestic responsibilities hinder caregivers’ ability to access immunization services. Health system-related challenges are also identified, including inadequate healthcare facilities, long distances to vaccination centers, irregular vaccine supply, and insufficient healthcare personnel. Poor communication and lack of effective community mobilization further contribute to low immunization coverage. The study concludes that a combination of socio-cultural, economic, and institutional factors affects the success of childhood immunization programmes in Jada Local Government Area. It recommends intensified public health education, improved accessibility of immunization services, strengthening of healthcare systems, and active community engagement to enhance immunization uptake and safeguard child health.