AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ART, antiretroviral therapy, PMTCT, prevention of mother-to-child transmission; ANC, antenatal care. The P values presented were computed with the Wald test. Of the 217 women with a third pregnancy HIV viral load determined, 9 were not included in the multivariate analysis because the HIV viral load at enrolment was missing.
1Adjustment covariates forced in the multivariate models (for study site, 4 dummy variables).
2The Fon ethnic group is the predominant ethnic group in South of Benin where the study took place.