Factors associated with mortality in patients treated for traumatic brain injury

Objectives: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Cameroon. Contextualizing knowledge about these injuries is crucial in improving patient care. This study aimed to identify factors associated with mortality in patients with TBI. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study over 6 years from 2018 to 2024 in the neurosurgery departments of Laquintinie Hospital. 8,902 patients were enrolled. Sociodemographic data, the mechanism, context, and severity of the trauma, as well as patient outcomes (death or survival), were collected using their medical records. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to determine factors associated with mortality. Results: The factors associated with mortality from TBI were the sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.69, p = 0.01), lack of formal education (aOR = 3.39, p < 0.001), alcohol consumption (aOR = 0.46, p < 0.001), severity of the injury (aOR = 41, p < 0.001), self-financing of medical expenses by the family (aOR = 3.25, p < 0.001), and unavailability of funds for care (aOR = 2.54, p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study shows that among TBI patients in Laquintinie Hospital of Cameroon, there are factors associated with mortality, such as sex, lack of formal education, alcohol consumption, injury severity, and financial constraints.