Abstract
Antibiotic resistance poses a severe global health challenge, exacerbating the difficulty of treating microbial infections. Baidoa, Somalia, stands out among communities grappling with a surge in antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. This review explores the evolution of antibiotic resistance over the past five decades, emphasizing the urgent need for action. To restore antibiotic efficacy, a deeper understanding of environmental microbiomes' role in resistance evolution is imperative.