Gender Dynamics and Structural Inequalities in the WaSH Sector Value Chain: Insights from Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

This study examines gender dynamics and structural inequalities in the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WaSH) value chain. The study assessed the WaSH sector value chain in order to uncover how gendered power relations and social norms affects women’s access to WaSH resource control and hinders positive WaSH outcomes. Snowball and purposive sampling techniques were utilised to obtain qualitative data through Key Informant Interviews. The interviews were conducted on 43 key informants selected from WaSH related ministries, departments, agencies, professional bodies and private sector in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, Findings reveal systemic exclusions and socio-cultural barriers that restrict women’s involvement in WaSH entrepreneurship, governance and technical roles. The study recommends inclusive, gender-responsive WaSH strategies to improve health, equity and WaSH sustainability outcomes.