GIS-based accessibility assessment of educational facilities in Nyamasheke district, Rwanda

Limited spatial assessment of educational accessibility remains a challenge in geographically complex regions such as Nyamasheke District, Rwanda, using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Through network analysis, slope and elevation mapping, population density assessment and multi-criteria suitability evaluation, the research mapped existing schools, analysed travel distances and identified optimal sites for new facilities. Results showed that while educational facilities are generally well distributed, some sectors such as Ruharambuga, Bushekeri, Kanjongo and Kirimbi remain underserved due to rugged terrain and limited road infrastructure. Proposed new school sites were selected based on high population density, proximity to roads and favourable land characteristics to reduce walking distances and enhance equity. The findings highlight the usefulness of GIS-based spatial analysis for improving equitable educational planning in geographically constrained regions. The study recommends implementing the identified sites and improving road networks. This approach provides valuable insights for policymakers and can be replicated in other regions facing similar geographical challenges.