opoku-richard-owusu/ghana-electricity-sector-carbon-emissions-and-energy-transition-analysis

Carbon accounting and energy transition analysis of Ghana's electricity sector (2000–2024). GHG Protocol Scope 1 & 2 inventory, three decarbonisation scenarios to 2035, physical climate risk assessment, and executive Power BI dashboard. Python · IPCC Tier 1 · GHG Protocol. # Ghana Electricity Sector Carbon Emissions and Energy Transition Analysis ### A Historical Carbon Accounting, Decarbonization Scenarios and Physical Climate Risk Assessment of Ghana's National Electricity Grid (2000–2024) --- -brightgreen) --- > **This project constructs a complete, auditable Scope 1 and Scope 2 GHG emissions inventory for Ghana's electricity generation sector across 25 years (2000–2024), models three decarbonisation scenarios to 2035, quantifies physical climate risk from Volta Basin hydro vulnerability, and delivers an executive-grade Power BI dashboard and Big-4-style ESG consulting memorandum — replicating the type of climate analytics engagement performed by ESG consulting firms, development finance institutions, and carbon accounting teams.** --- ## Table of Contents 1. Project Overview 2. Key Findings at a Glance 3. Why Ghana's Electricity Sector 4. Methodology 5. Historical Inventory Results (2000–2024) 6. Scenario Analysis (2025–2035) 7. Physical Climate Risk: Hydro Vulnerability 8. Power BI Dashboard 9. Repository Structure 10. How to Reproduce This Analysis 11. Deliverables 12. ESG Framework Alignment 13. Research Positioning 14. References 15. Author --- ## 1. Project Overview Ghana's electricity sector underwent a **19-fold increase in Scope 1 GHG emissions** between 2000 and 2024 — from 456 ktCO₂e to 8,756 ktCO₂e — driven by structural grid expansion that shifted the generation mix from hydro-dominated (~90% in 2000) to thermal-intensive (60.6% by 2024). Over the same period, GDP grew approximately 4× and population grew 1.75×. No economic decoupling from electricity-sector emissions has occurred. This project applies the **GHG Protocol Corporate Standard** (operational control approach) and **IPCC 2006 Guidelines Tier 1 emission factors** to construct a fully traceable, independently verified emissions inventory across all 25 years — resolving to a maximum deviation of 0.000049 ktCO₂e across all annual calculations. …