This dataset contains the de-identified data used in the study, “The pathway to the development and maintenance of PTSD among healthcare workers in the first five months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ekiti State, Nigeria.” The data were collected from healthcare workers in Ekiti State, Nigeria, during the first five months of the COVID-19 pandemic. The dataset includes measures of experiential avoidance, health beliefs, health behaviour, PTSD symptoms, and other sociodemographic variables. The dataset is deposited to promote research transparency, reproducibility, and verification of the findings reported in the associated study.