Heat Synchronization Protocols in Dairy Cattle ( <i>Bos indicus</i> ) and Success Factors in Niger

Synchronization and induction of ovulation enable the control and harmonization of femaleestrus cycle facilitating artificial insemination (AI) by mitigating the challenges associated with heat detection. In Niger, progestogens alone or in combination with other hormones such asgonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) and prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF 2α ), are frequently employed to manage prolonged postpartum anestrus in cattle. This summary reviews their physiological mechanisms of action and practical application protocols. Additionally, complementary hormonal treatments notably PGF 2α and Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) are commonly integrated intointravaginal device (IVD) based regimens. Understanding the hormonal dynamics of estrus is essential for maximizing the success rate of IVD‐based synchronization program.