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In search of a standard: dialect variation and New Arabic features in the oldest Arabic written documents

Domain:

natural language processing

Record type:

paper
Creator:
Lar
Editor:
InsM.C
Publisher:
CCSDOxf
Host:avatar
International audience The few surviving pre-Islamic inscriptions in both the Arabic language and the Arabic script show the absence of a standard written language. We will take as a sample of variation the inscriptions of Jabal Usays (AD 528-529) and Harrân (AD 568). A meticulous examination of the first inscription suggests that its author, a soldier, writes the way he speaks in a case-less variety of Arabic. In this context, I will examine the famous bilingual Greek-Arabic papyrus PERF 558 (22/643), in which the name Ibn Abû Qîr occurs twice. The Arabic Abû Qîr is the Greek Apa Kyros. In order to get to the form Abû Qîr, one has to go througth the form *Abâ Qîr, reinterpreted as the accusative of the three-case (triptotic) inflection Abû/Abâ/Abî. Both types of Arabic, the so-called Old Arabic (inflected) and the so-called Neo-Arabic (non-inflected) coexist, but the scribe uses the New Arabic type. However, it is the Old Arabic type which was codified and became Classical Arabic. I will try to reach an understanding of the reasons for this choice. Les quelques inscriptions préislamiques, à la fois en arabe et en écriture arabe, montrent qu'il n'y a pas de langue écrite standard. On donnera comme exemple de variation les deux inscriptions du Jabal Usays (538-529 ap. JC) et de Harrân (569 ap. JC) L'examen de la première suggère que son auteur écrit comme il parle et qu'il parle une langue non fléchie. Dans ce contexte, on examinera le célèbre papyrus bilingue grec/arabe de 22/643. On y trouve deux fois Ibn Abû Qîr. Abû Qîr est le grec Apa Kyros. Pour arriver à Abû Qîr, il faut donc passer par Abâ Qîr, réinterprété comme l'accusatif de la flexion triptote Abû/Abâ/Abî. Les deux types ancien arabe (fléchi) et néo-arabe (non fléchi) coexistent, mais le scribe utilise normalement le type néo-arabe. Pourtant, c'est le type ancien arabe qui sera codifié et deviendra l'arabe classique. On se demandera pourquoi.

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shs.hal.science

Tags

Dialectes arabestype Ancien Arabetâ' marbûtaArabic dialectsOld Arabictâ marbûtahJabal UsaysPERF 558[SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics

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