Knowledge and perception of open data practices among research librarians in Nigeria

Introduction The global shift toward open science has positioned open data as a critical component of transparent, collaborative, and impactful research. Research librarians play a strategic role in supporting open data practices through research data management, advocacy, and scholarly communication services. However, empirical evidence on their preparedness for open data engagement in Nigeria is limited. Purpose This study examined the knowledge and perception of open data practices among research librarians in Nigeria, with a specific focus on their level of knowledge, perceptions, perceived benefits, and barriers to adoption. Method/Design The study adopted a descriptive survey research design and targeted research librarians in selected federal universities across Nigeria’s six geopolitical zones. A total enumeration approach was used, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered electronically. Out of 125 questionnaires distributed, 117 valid responses were retrieved and analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviation. Results The findings revealed that research librarians possess a moderate to high level of conceptual knowledge of open data practices and demonstrate generally positive perceptions toward open data. Librarians strongly recognized the academic, institutional, and professional benefits of open data, including enhanced research visibility, collaboration, and professional relevance. However, the study also identified significant barriers to adoption, notably inadequate training, limited technological infrastructure, insufficient institutional policies, funding constraints, and legal and ethical concerns. Conclusion The study concludes that while Nigerian research librarians are positively disposed and conceptually prepared for open data practices, structural and institutional limitations hinder effective implementation. It recommends targeted capacity building, supportive policies, improved infrastructure, and stronger institutional commitment to advance open data practices in Nigerian research libraries.