Knowledge, Perceptions, and Practices Related to Self-Medication among Pregnant Women in the Kénitra City, Morocco: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Background: It is common for pregnant women to resort to self-medication. However, the latter can cause serious adverse effects, both structural and functional. Objectives: This study assessed the prevalence of self-medication among a population of pregnant women followed at Moulay El-Hassan Hospital in Kénitra, while analyzing the impact of socio-educational factors on these behaviors in order to propose appropriate awareness measures. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among a convenience sample of 102 pregnant women from April to June 2025. Data were analyzed to identify determinants of self-medication. Statistical associations were tested using logistic regression, with significance set at p<0.05 and a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: A total of 68 participants (67%) resorted to self-medication during their pregnancy. The majority of them (87%) are housewives, living in rural areas (59%), and have an average economic status (69%). The level of education shows a significant meaning (P<0.001). There was a strong correlation between knowledge of the risks and actual practice (a OR = 12.43; 95% CI: 2.40–64.43); however, the width of the confidence interval suggests a degree of caution is warranted due to the sample size. The most commonly used medicines included analgesics (52%) and antipyretics (26%). Conclusion: Self-medication is prevalent in Kénitra and is strongly influenced by education and risk perception. While these associations are significant, the cross-sectional design precludes establishing direct causality.