Lassa fever: A review of three treatment centres in Nigeria

During Lassa fever outbreaks, Treatment Centres (TCs) are critical for patient care and transmission control, yet their design remains underexplored. The study analyses three TC in Nigeria, using a reverse-engineering approach. Findings reveal major differences in capacity, zoning, and service integration, with implications for infection control, staff safety, and inclusivity. Recurring layout trends and critical gaps are identified. A set of spatial indicators is proposed and cross-case results are translated into design principles for LF centres. The work offers a framework for developing design standards to strengthen outbreak management, and highlights the need for adaptable facilities and future research to define indicators linking design with health outcomes and patient experience.