Managing Research in Higher Learning Institutions (HLIs) in Tanzania : A Systematic Review on the best Practices for using Artificial Intelligence

This paper reports on the findings of a systematic review in relation to the research management practices in Higher Learning Institutions through the use of Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies such as ChatGPT in Tanzania. AI technologies have gained significant popularity in recent times. However, their integration into academic settings raises concerns, especially in terms of potential ethical considerations. The systematic review at hand used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to retrieve English records in Google Scholar under the phrase "ChatGPT in research¨. Eligibility criteria included the published research papers on ChatGPT and research practices. A total of 28 documents were retrieved. Only 20 documents met the inclusion criteria after full screening. The findings indicate that setting a code of ethics for using AI is paramount. Further research is needed in order to gain detailed insights into this new innovation and technology. It was concluded that ChatGPT in research has to be validated with other methods.