Multiple agricultural functions whitin Cacao agroforestry system in Colombia Amazon

This dataset contains farm-level information on agricultural multifunctionality collected from 45 cacao agroforestry farms located in the municipalities of Mocoa, Orito, Puerto Guzmán and Villagarzón, Department of Putumayo, Colombian Amazon. The dataset includes 19 agricultural functions grouped into four dimensions of multifunctionality: • Productive (5 functions) • Environmental (4 functions) • Economic (5 functions) • Cultural (5 functions) These functions were derived from biophysical measurements, laboratory analyses and farm household surveys to characterize the multifunctional performance of cacao agroforestry systems. The dataset supports analyses of agricultural multifunctionality, trade-offs and synergies among functions, and the development of composite multifunctionality indices.

Methodology:Methodology summary Data were collected during the first semester of 2025 from a representative sample of 45 farms, randomly selected from a previous typological characterization of 202 cacao farms in the Colombian Amazon. The sample included approximately nine farms from each of five previously identified farm typologies. Biophysical information was collected using RapidBAM3 field protocols within 200 m² transects (20 × 10 m) and extrapolated to one hectare when appropriate. Measurements included cacao productivity, pod health, tree biomass, carbon stocks, soil fertility indicators and soil macrofauna. Soil samples were analysed at the Soil Analytical Laboratory of the Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT using standardized laboratory procedures. Socio-economic and cultural information was obtained through structured farm surveys approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT (2025-IRB293). Several agricultural functions were calculated as composite indices integrating multiple indicators following previously published methodologies. The dataset contains the raw indicators and/or final function scores used to assess agricultural multifunctionality. Detailed calculation procedures, equations and indicator definitions are provided in the accompanying Readme.