Obstetric fistula in Africa: A systematic review of prevalence, risk factors, and available interventions

This systematic review aims to examine the prevalence, determinants, and interventions related to obstetric fistula in Africa by synthesising contemporary evidence drawn from diverse study designs. It seeks to clarify the scale of the condition, identify the socio-demographic, cultural, economic, clinical, and health-system factors shaping women’s vulnerability, and assess the effectiveness of existing clinical, public health, and socio-economic interventions. The expected outcome is a consolidated overview that informs policy, strengthens maternal health systems, and supports efforts to reduce preventable morbidity across the continent .