This dataset contains the original agronomic, soil, and economic data used to evaluate soybean–maize intercropping under different irrigation regimes and soybean planting densities during two field seasons (2022–2023) in Egypt. The data include crop yields, land and water use efficiency indices (LER, WER, MAI), soil nitrogen and available phosphorus, and economic indicators. The dataset supports the findings reported in the associated manuscript submitted to Acta Agriculturae Slovenica. Keywords:
Soybean–maize intercropping
Irrigation regimes
Water use efficiency
Land equivalent ratio
Soil fertility
Semi-arid agriculture
Egypt
Sustainable intensification