POLICY HARMONIZATION AND GREEN ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION

The study explores the role of policy harmonization in accelerating green economic transformation, focusing on the EU, Nordic countries, and Rwanda. It identifies drivers, barriers, and equity considerations in harmonizing sustainability agendas. The research shows that binding frameworks, decentralized collaboration, and centralized national strategies drive emission reductions and renewable energy adoption. However, challenges like sovereignty conflicts, funding disparities, and marginalized community exclusion persist. The study emphasizes the importance of adaptive governance, balancing binding targets with local flexibility, equity-centered design, and global solidarity to bridge technology and finance gaps. It integrates Ecological Modernization Theory with Multi-Level Governance and Just Transition frameworks, emphasizing technical innovation aligning with institutional coherence and social justice. Recommendations include reforming climate finance mechanisms, fostering sub-regional green coalitions, and mandating equity audits. By prioritizing inclusive, context-sensitive harmonization, policymakers can transform sustainability aspirations into actionable, equitable outcomes.