Prostate Cancer Screening and Uptake Among Male Teachers in Cross River State, Nigeria

Abstract Background Cancer represents a complex group of diseases characterized by the dysregulated proliferation and dissemination of abnormal cells throughout the human body. This study addresses a critical knowledge gap by examining the multifaceted relationships between educational status, health beliefs, and screening behaviors within the theoretical frameworks of the Health Belief Model. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 287 male teachers aged 45 years and above in public primary and secondary schools in Obudu LGA, Cross River State, Nigeria. Participants were selected using stratified sampling, and data were collected with a structured questionnaire via Kobo Toolbox. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and binary logistic regression in SPSS version 27.0, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results A total of 287 male teachers participated in the study. Overall, 99.7% had poor knowledge of prostate cancer screening, 80.0% had negative attitudes, and all respondents (100%) demonstrated negative perceptions. None of the respondents had ever undergone prostate cancer screening. There were no statistically significant associations between knowledge (χ² = 0.819, p = 0.365), attitude (χ² = 2.123, p = 0.145), or perception (χ² = 16.651, p = 0.011) and prostate cancer screening uptake. Conclusion Prostate cancer screening uptake among male teachers in Obudu LGA was extremely low despite the respondents' educational status. Poor knowledge, negative perceptions, and a symptom-driven approach to healthcare were major barriers. Workplace-based awareness campaigns and accessible screening services are needed to improve early detection and reduce prostate cancer-related morbidity and mortality.