Psychological and Social Vulnerabilities of Children with Visual Impairments under Climate Change: A Systematic Review of Global Evidence with Comparative Regional Analysis and Implications for Kenya

Climate change is increasingly recognized as a major determinant of child wellbeing, yet children with disabilities particularly those with visual impairments remain underrepresented in climate vulnerability research. This systematic review synthesizes global evidence on psychological and social vulnerabilities of children with visual impairments under climate change, with emphasis on comparative regional differences and implications for Kenya. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses framework, a structured search of five databases identified 327 records, of which 58 studies met inclusion criteria. Quality appraisal was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute and Critical Appraisal Skills Program tools. Findings show that climate-related hazards contribute to anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, social isolation, educational disruption, and caregiver dependence. However, fewer than 10 percent of studies explicitly address disability, and less than 5 percent focus on visual impairment. Comparative analysis reveals stark differences across regions: high-income countries demonstrate strong institutional preparedness, while low- and middle-income countries, including Kenya, face structural inequality and weak disability-inclusive climate governance. The review concludes that vulnerability is socially constructed and context-dependent, highlighting the need for inclusive climate policy and expanded empirical research.