Religious Freedom in Tanzania: Balancing Diversity and Social Cohesion in a Multicultural Society

This article examines the relationship between religious freedom and social cohesion in Tanzania as a religiously pluralistic society. Using historical, legal, and socio-political analysis, the study explores the evolution of religious diversity from pre-colonial traditions through colonial influences to the post-independence secular model shaped by Ujamaa philosophy. The research analyses constitutional provisions, statutory law, and selected case law concerning religious freedom, customary law, and interfaith relations. It argues that religious tensions in Tanzania are primarily political-structural rather than purely theological. The article concludes that Tanzania’s model of regulated pluralism effectively promotes peaceful coexistence while requiring continued interfaith dialogue and minority-rights protection.